As sustainability becomes increasingly important, many companies and consumers are turning to plant-based plastics, or bioplastics, as a more “eco-friendly” alternative. At first, they might sound like the perfect solution, but a deeper look shows that the truth is more nuanced.

So, are plant-based plastics truly the healthier, more sustainable option, or is it greenwashing? Here’s what we know.

What are bioplastics made of?

While bioplastics are widely marketed as a sustainable alternative, they are relatively new. As a result, we know little about their ingredients, or their safety. The good news? They are mainly sourced from renewable resources such as corn starch, cellulose, wood, sugarcane, or agricultural byproducts. For example, polylactic acid (PLA) is a common plant-based plastic that is made from corn starch and starch-based bioplastics.

What's the difference?

Conventional plastics are petroleum-based, a fossil fuel that causes air and water pollution when extracted — not to mention damage to natural habitats. Simply by collecting the key ingredients, companies are already causing harm to the planet! In contrast, since bioplastics are made largely of renewable resources, the problems start to arise later on.

What's the problem?

The truth is, most bioplastics contain toxic chemicals. Studies show that bio-based or biodegradable materials are actually about as toxic as conventional alternatives. And just like these conventional plastics, bioplastics break down into microplastics and release toxic chemicals. 

What's the risk?

While research is still mounting, we have reason to believe that these plant-based plastics could be harmful to human health. In one study, animals who consumed bioplastic particles developed health problems, such as gut microbiome imbalance and liver damage.

Are plant-based plastics truly sustainable?

While it sounds sustainable, the name “bioplastic" can be misleading. These materials are plant-based, but that doesn’t necessarily mean they are biodegradable. And, for products that are labeled as biodegradable, evidence is starting to suggest that they don’t break down quite as quickly as advertised, meaning that they will most likely just end up in our landfills. 

At Pura Stainless, our mission is to support the best health of your family, and the environment. That is why we have innovated the first and only line of 100% plastic-free water bottles, baby bottles, and lunch containers. Made entirely of food service grade stainless steel and medical grade silicone, our products never leach chemicals and are made to last a lifetime. To join our mission, visit our website and shop truly safe, eco-friendly products.

Sources and further reading

The American Chemical Society (ACS): “Starch-based microplastics could cause health risks in mice, study finds”

The Guardian: “Starch-based bioplastic may be as toxic as petroleum-based plastic, study finds” 

Science Direct: “Are bioplastics and plant-based materials safer than conventional plastics? In vitro toxicity and chemical composition”

WWF: “Growing our knowledge on plant-based plastic”